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1994-10-25
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Document 2681
DOCN M94A2681
TI IgA and IgM antibody capture gelatin particle adsorption test for
anti-HIV.
DT 9412
AU Petchclai B; Khupulsup K; Warachit P; Mahidol University, Virus Research
Inst. Chiengral Hosp.; Thailand.
SO Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):249 (abstract no. PB0426). Unique
Identifier : AIDSLINE ICA10/94369894
AB IgM anti-HIV is a good indicator of early HIV infection and IgA anti-HIV
is a good indicator for AIDS in infants and children. Presently Western
blot and ELISA are used. In response to a growing demand for simpler and
less expensive tests, particularly for early diagnosis of AIDS in
infants and children, IgM and IgA antibody capture test which was based
on a sound and accepted principle was combined with the reliable HIV
sensitized gelatin particles from gelatin particle agglutination (GPA)
test (Fujireblo Inc,). Microtiter plate U shape were coated with rabbit
anti human IgM and, anti human IgA, and washed. Diluted tested sera
diluted 1:100 were added to these well, 0.1 ml per well, incubated for
one hour and washed. Human IgM and IgA were captured to microtiter plate
and IgM anti-HIV and IgA anti-HIV demonstrated by adsorption of
sensitized gelatin particles to microtiter plate. Positive reaction was
shown as a matt of gelatin particle on the bottom of the well while a
botton of gelatin particle indicated a negative reaction. IgM anti-HIV
was applied to 216 intravenous drug users(IVDU) and 374 pregnant women
attending antenatal care unit. It was found that 105 of IVDU were GPA
positive, and 87.6% was positive for IgM anti-HIV. All 111 IVDU that
were GPA negative as well as all pregnant women, which were GPA
negative, were IgM anti-HIV negative. IgM anti-HIV test in IVDU showed
that IgM anti-HIV is rarely missed by GPA, a population where early
infection missed by a screening test is anticipated. We are improving
and validating the specificity of the tests by removing IgG with protein
G and monoclonal antibodies in the capture of IgM and IgA. It had to be
certain that IgG anti-IIIV was not absorbed through cross reaction of
antibodies used for the capture of IgM and IgA. Gelatin particles were
used because we are highly satisfied with its sensitivity, specificity
and simplicity. We have a long experiences with antibody capture
adsorption tests based on sensitized erythrocytes and latex particles.
HIV sensitized colored gelatin particles are much clearer in
distinguishing positive from negative results. This principle is freed
from competition by high titer IgG antibody common in anti-HIV positive
sera. They are simple and inexpensive. The tests are now under a
longitudinal study in 50 Thai infants born to anti-HIV positive mothers
and the results will be available at the presentation time. Early
results from the study in infants have been promising. In conclusion,
IgM anti-HIV has no role in early diagnosis in general uses if the
screening tests covered IgM anti-HIV as efficient as GPA. The present
IgA and IgM anti-HIV tests will of value in the early diagnosis of
prenatal HIV infections where facilities and funds are limited while
AIDS epidemic is exploding.
DE Agglutination Tests/*METHODS AIDS Serodiagnosis/*METHODS Female Human
HIV Antibodies/*BLOOD HIV Seropositivity/*DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY
IgA/*BLOOD IgM/*BLOOD Infant, Newborn Predictive Value of Tests
Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY
Prenatal Care Substance Abuse, Intravenous/IMMUNOLOGY Thailand
MEETING ABSTRACT
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).